Farashin Batirin Lithium-Ion Kowane KWh

Gabatarwa

Wannan baturi ne mai caji wanda lithium-ion ke samar da wuta. Batirin lithium-ion ya ƙunshi na'urorin lantarki mara kyau da tabbatacce. Wannan baturi ne mai cajewa wanda ions lithium ke tafiya daga mummunan lantarki zuwa na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar lantarki. Fitar tana gaba da baya lokacin caji. Na'urori da yawa suna amfani da ƙwayoyin lithium-ion (Li-ion), gami da na'urori, wasanni, belun kunne na Bluetooth, kayan aikin wutar lantarki, ƙanana da manyan kayan aiki, motocin lantarki, da sinadarai na lantarki.makamashi ajiyana'urori. Suna iya yin haɗari ga lafiya da muhalli idan ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata ba a ƙarshen rayuwarsu.

Trend

Ana iya danganta buƙatun kasuwa na haɓaka buƙatun batirin Li-ion a cikin babban bangare zuwa babban "ƙarfin ƙarfinsu." Adadin makamashin da tsarin ke riƙe a cikin wani adadin sarari ana kiransa "ƙarfin kuzarinsa." Yayin da ake riƙe da adadin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya,batirin lithiumhaƙiƙa na iya zama sirara da sauƙi fiye da wasu nau'ikan baturi. Wannan rage girman ya ƙara karɓar karɓuwar mabukaci na ƙananan na'urori masu jigilar kaya da mara waya.

Farashin Batirin Lithium-Ion a Ko wane Kwh Trend

Tashin farashin batir na iya fitar da ma'auni kamar $60 a kowace kWh da sashen Makamashi na Amurka ya saita azaman madaidaicin kofa na EVs akan injunan konewar ciki. Dangane da binciken farashin baturi na shekara-shekara na Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), matsakaicin farashin batir na duniya ya ragu da kashi 6% tsakanin 2020 da 2021, duk da haka suna iya karuwa a nan gaba.

Dangane da binciken, farashin fakitin batirin lithium-ion ya kasance $132 a kowace kWh a cikin 2021, yana faduwa daga $140 a kowace kWh a 2020, da $101 kowace kWh akan matakin tantanin halitta. Kamar yadda bincike ya nuna, karuwar farashin kayayyaki sun riga sun dawo da farashin baya, tare da $ 135 kwh matsakaicin farashin fakitin da ake tsammanin don 2022. A cewar BNEF, wannan na iya nuna cewa lokacin da farashin ya fadi kasa da $ 100 a kowace kWh-gaba ɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai mahimmanci. Babban abin da zai iya samun EV — za a jinkirta shi da shekaru biyu.

Masu kera motoci suna da manyan manufofin nasu, kamar manufar Toyota na rage farashin EV a cikin rabin cikin shekaru goma. Haka ma kasashe da jihohi gaba daya. Shin zai yi yaƙi da manufofin idan sel suna ƙara tsada a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu? Abin da ya rage a kiyaye shi a matsayin sabon sashi a cikin wannan rikitaccen tsarin ɗaukar hoto na EV.

Ƙarar Farashin Baturi

Farashin batirin lithium-ion ya karu zuwa babba. Dalilin da ya haifar da karuwa a cikin farashin shine kayan.

Bari mu ga dalilin da ya sa farashin batura ya karu sosai:

Farashin kayan Lithium-ion sun ƙaru sosai.

Kodayake farashin batura yana raguwa tun shekara ta 2010, hauhawar farashin maɓalli a cikin mahimman karafa kamar lithium sun jefa shakku kan tsawon rayuwarsu. Ta yaya farashin batirin EV zai haɓaka nan gaba? Farashinbaturi lithium-ionna iya karuwa a nan gaba mai zuwa zuwa mafi girma.

Tabarbarewar Farashin Ba Wani Sabon Abu bane.

Ba bincike na farko ba ne da ya nuna ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa a matsayin yuwuwar mafari don ƙara farashin batir. Sauran wallafe-wallafen sun gano nickel a matsayin mai yuwuwar raguwa, ba duk sel ba ne ke buƙatar sa.

Koyaya, a cewar BNEF, abubuwan da ke tattare da samar da kayayyaki sun haifar da hauhawar farashin albarkatun ƙasa don ƙaramin farashi.lithium irin phosphateSinadaran (LFP), wanda yanzu manyan masana'antun kasar Sin da masu kera batir suka fi so kuma Tesla na ci gaba da karbe shi. Bisa ga binciken, masu yin LFP na kasar Sin sun haɓaka farashin su da kashi 10% zuwa 20% tun watan Satumba.

Nawa Ne Kudin Tayoyin Batirin Lithium-ion?

Bari mu karya farashin farashin batirin lithium-ion. A cewar kididdigar BloombergNEF, farashin cathode na kowane tantanin halitta ya kai fiye da rabin adadin adadin tantanin halitta.

V Bangaren Kwayoyin Baturi % na Farashin Cell
Cathode 51%
Gidaje da sauran kayan 3%
Electrolyt 4%
Mai raba 7%
Manufacturing da depreciation 24%
Anode 11%

Daga faduwar farashin batirin lithium-ion na sama, mun gano cewa cathode shine abu mafi tsada. Yana lissafin kashi 51% na duk farashin.

Me yasa Cathodes ke da farashi mafi girma?

A cathode yana da tabbatacce cajin lantarki. Lokacin da na'urar ta zubar da baturi, electrons da lithium ions suna tafiya daga anode zuwa cathode. Suna zama a wurin har sai batirin ya sake caji sosai. Cathodes sune mafi mahimmancin bangaren batura. Yana tasiri sosai ga kewayo, aiki da kuma amincin zafin jiki na batura. Don haka, wannan kuma batirin EV ne.

Tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi ƙarfe daban-daban. Misali, ya ƙunshi nickel da lithium. A halin yanzu, abubuwan da ake kira cathode na kowa sune:

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA)

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)

Abubuwan baturi waɗanda suka ƙunshi cathode suna cikin buƙatu mai yawa, tare da masana'antun kamar Tesla da ke zage-zage don samun kayan kamar karuwar tallace-tallace na EV. A gaskiya ma, kayan da ke cikin cathode, tare da wasu a cikin sauran sassan salula, suna yin kusan 40% na jimlar farashin tantanin halitta.

Farashin Wasu Abubuwan Batir Lithium-ion

Ragowar kashi 49 na farashin tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ban da cathode. Tsarin samarwa, wanda ya haɗa da yin na'urorin lantarki, haɗa nau'ikan sassa daban-daban, da kuma kammala tantanin halitta, yana da kashi 24% na duk farashin. Anode wani muhimmin sashi ne na batura, yana lissafin kashi 12% na ƙimar gabaɗaya - kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na rabon cathode. Li-ion cell's anode ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halitta ko graphite, wanda ba shi da tsada fiye da sauran kayan baturi.

Kammalawa

Koyaya, haɓaka farashin albarkatun ƙasa yana ba da shawarar cewa matsakaicin farashin fakiti na iya girma zuwa 5/kWh a cikin sharuddan ƙima ta 2022. Idan babu ci gaban waje wanda zai iya rage wannan tasirin, lokacin da farashin ya faɗi ƙasa 0/kWh na iya jinkirta ta 2. shekaru. Wannan zai yi tasiri kan iyawar EV da ribar masana'anta, da kuma tattalin arzikin na'urorin ajiyar makamashi.

Ci gaba da saka hannun jari na R&D, gami da haɓaka iya aiki a duk hanyar sadarwar rarraba, zai taimaka don haɓaka fasahar batir da ƙarancin farashi akan tsara mai zuwa. BloombergNEF yana tsammanin cewa sabbin abubuwa na gaba kamar silicon da anodes na tushen lithium, ƙwararrun sinadarai masu ƙarfi, da sabon abu na cathode da dabarun samar da tantanin halitta zasu taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauƙaƙe waɗannan raguwar farashin.

Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-09-2022