Tare da saurin haɓakar motocin lantarki a duniya, girman kasuwar motocin lantarki ya kai dala tiriliyan 1 a shekarar 2020 kuma za ta ci gaba da haɓaka sama da kashi 20% a kowace shekara a nan gaba. Sabili da haka, motocin lantarki a matsayin babban hanyar sufuri, abubuwan da ake buƙata don batura masu wuta za su ƙara girma, kuma tasirin lalata baturi akan aikin baturi a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi bai kamata a yi watsi da su ba. Babban dalilan da ke haifar da ruɓewar baturi a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi sune: Na farko, ƙananan zafin jiki yana rinjayar ƙananan juriya na ciki na baturin, wurin yaduwa na zafi yana da girma, kuma juriya na ciki na baturi yana ƙaruwa. Na biyu, baturi a ciki da wajen cajin ƙarfin canja wurin ba shi da kyau, nakasar baturi zai faru lokacin da ba za'a iya juyawa ba. Na uku, ƙarancin zafin jiki na motsin kwayoyin halitta yana jinkiri kuma yana da wahalar yaduwa a lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Saboda haka, lalatawar baturi mai ƙarancin zafin jiki yana da tsanani, yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar aikin baturi.
1、 Matsayin fasahar batirin ƙarancin zafin jiki
Bukatun aikin fasaha da kayan aiki na baturan wutar lantarki na lithium-ion da aka shirya a ƙananan yanayin zafi suna da girma. Mummunan lalacewar baturin wutar lantarki na lithium-ion a cikin yanayin ƙananan zafin jiki shine saboda haɓaka juriya na ciki, wanda ke haifar da wahalar yaduwar electrolyte da taƙaice rayuwa ta tantanin halitta. Don haka, bincike kan fasahar batir mai ƙarancin zafin jiki ya ɗan sami ɗan ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Batirin lithium-ion masu zafi na al'ada suna da mummunan yanayin zafi mai zafi, kuma har yanzu aikinsu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi; babban adadin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙananan ƙarfin aiki, da rashin ƙarfi na ƙananan zafin jiki; polarization yana da ƙarfi sosai a ƙananan zafin jiki fiye da yanayin zafi; ƙãra danko na electrolyte a ƙananan zafin jiki yana haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin cajin cajin / fitarwa; rage amincin sel da rage rayuwar baturi a ƙananan zafin jiki; da rage yawan aiki a amfani a ƙananan zafin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ɗan gajeren rayuwar baturi a ƙananan zafin jiki da kuma haɗarin haɗari na ƙananan zafin jiki sun gabatar da sababbin buƙatu don kare lafiyar baturan wuta. Sabili da haka, haɓaka kayan batir mai ƙarfi, aminci, abin dogaro da tsawon rai don ƙananan yanayin zafi shine mayar da hankali kan bincike kan ƙananan ƙananan batir lithium-ion. A halin yanzu, akwai da yawa ƙananan zafin jiki na lithium-ion baturi: (1) lithium karfe anode kayan: lithium karfe ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin motocin lantarki saboda da high sinadari da kwanciyar hankali, high lantarki conductivity da low-zazzabi cajin da fitarwa aiki; (2) carbon anode kayan ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motocin lantarki saboda kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, ƙananan yanayin zagayowar, ƙarancin wutar lantarki da yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi a ƙananan yanayin zafi; (3) carbon anode kayan ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motocin lantarki saboda kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, ƙarancin yanayin zagayowar aiki, ƙarancin wutar lantarki da yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi. a ciki; (3) Organic electrolytes suna da kyakkyawan aiki a ƙananan zafin jiki; (4) polymer electrolytes: polymer kwayoyin sarƙoƙi ne in mun gwada da gajere kuma suna da babban dangantaka; (5) kayan aikin inorganic: polymers inorganic suna da sigogi masu kyau (halayyar aiki) da kuma dacewa mai kyau tsakanin ayyukan lantarki; (6) Karfe oxides ba su da yawa; (7) Inorganic kayan: inorganic polymers, da dai sauransu.
2. A sakamakon low zafin jiki yanayi a kan lithium baturi
Rayuwar sake zagayowar batirin lithium ya dogara ne akan tsarin fitarwa, yayin da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine al'amarin da ke da babban tasiri ga rayuwar samfuran lithium. Yawancin lokaci, ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki, saman baturin zai fuskanci canjin lokaci yana haifar da lalacewar tsarin ƙasa, tare da iya aiki da rage ƙarfin salula. A karkashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ana samar da iskar gas a cikin tantanin halitta, wanda zai hanzarta yaduwar zafi; a ƙarƙashin ƙananan zafin jiki, ba za a iya fitar da iskar gas a cikin lokaci ba, yana haɓaka canjin lokaci na ruwan baturi; ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi yawan iskar gas da ake samar da kuma sannu a hankali canjin lokaci na ruwan baturi. Sabili da haka, canjin kayan ciki na baturi ya fi tsanani da rikitarwa a ƙarƙashin ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma yana da sauƙi don samar da iskar gas da daskararru a cikin kayan baturi; a lokaci guda, ƙananan zafin jiki zai haifar da jerin halayen lalacewa irin su raunin haɗin sinadarai wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba a tsaka-tsakin tsakanin kayan cathode da electrolyte; Hakanan zai haifar da raguwar haɗin kai na electrolyte da rayuwar zagayowar; za a rage ikon canja wurin cajin ion lithium zuwa electrolyte; tsarin caji da fitarwa zai haifar da jerin halayen sarƙoƙi kamar yanayin polarization yayin canja wurin cajin lithium ion, lalata ƙarfin baturi da sakin damuwa na ciki, wanda ke shafar rayuwar sake zagayowar da ƙarfin kuzarin batirin lithium ion da sauran ayyuka. Ƙarƙashin zafin jiki a ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi tsanani da rikitarwa daban-daban masu lalacewa irin su redox redox a kan baturi, yaduwar zafi, canjin lokaci a cikin tantanin halitta har ma da cikakken lalacewa zai iya haifar da jerin halayen sarkar kamar electrolyte. Haɗuwa da kai, saurin amsawa a hankali, mafi munin lalacewar ƙarfin baturi, da ƙarancin ƙarfin cajin lithium ion a matsanancin zafin jiki.
3. Ƙananan zafin jiki a kan ci gaban fasahar binciken fasahar baturi na lithium
A cikin ƙananan yanayin yanayin zafi, aminci, rayuwar zagayowar da kwanciyar hankali na tantanin halitta za a shafa, kuma ba za a iya yin watsi da tasirin ƙarancin zafin jiki akan rayuwar batirin lithium ba. A halin yanzu, bincike da haɓaka fasahar batir mai ƙarancin zafin jiki ta amfani da diaphragm, electrolyte, tabbatacce da kayan lantarki mara kyau da sauran hanyoyin sun sami ɗan ci gaba. A nan gaba, ya kamata a inganta haɓaka fasahar batirin lithium mai ƙarancin zafin jiki daga abubuwa masu zuwa: (1) haɓaka tsarin kayan batirin lithium tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, tsawon rai, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙaramin girman da ƙarancin farashi a ƙananan zafin jiki. ; (2) ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin juriya na cikin baturi ta hanyar ƙirar tsari da fasahar shirye-shiryen kayan aiki; (3) a cikin ci gaban babban ƙarfin, tsarin batir lithium maras tsada, ya kamata a biya hankali ga abubuwan da ake amfani da su na electrolyte, lithium ion da anode da cathode dubawa da kayan aiki na ciki da sauran mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri; (4) inganta aikin sake zagayowar baturi (caji da fitarwa takamaiman makamashi), kwanciyar hankali na zafin baturi a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, amincin batirin lithium a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi da sauran jagorar haɓaka fasahar baturi; (5) haɓaka babban aikin aminci, babban farashi da ƙarancin ƙarfin tsarin tsarin baturi a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi; (6) haɓaka samfuran da ke da alaƙa da batir ƙananan zafin jiki da haɓaka aikace-aikacen su; (7) haɓaka kayan aikin batir mai ƙarancin zafi da fasahar na'ura.
Tabbas, ban da jagororin binciken da ke sama, akwai kuma hanyoyin bincike da yawa don ƙara haɓaka aikin batir a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin zafin jiki, haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin batura masu ƙarancin zafin jiki, rage lalata batir a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, tsawaita rayuwar baturi da sauran bincike. ci gaba; amma mafi mahimmancin batun shine yadda za a cimma babban aiki, babban aminci, ƙananan farashi, babban kewayon, tsawon rai da ƙananan tallace-tallace na batura a ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi shine halin yanzu Binciken yana buƙatar mayar da hankali kan warwarewa da warware matsalar.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-22-2022