Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, yawan bukatar batirin lithium-ion a duniya ya kai biliyan 1.3, kuma tare da ci gaba da fadada wuraren da ake amfani da su, wannan adadi yana karuwa kowace shekara.Saboda haka, tare da saurin karuwar amfani da batirin lithium-ion a masana'antu daban-daban, aikin aminci na baturin yana ƙara yin fice, yana buƙatar ba kawai kyakkyawan caji da fitar da aikin batir lithium-ion ba, amma kuma yana buƙatar matsayi mafi girma. na aminci yi.Wannan baturan lithium a ƙarshe me yasa wuta har ma da fashewa, wadanne matakai za a iya kaucewa da kuma kawar da su?
Da farko, bari mu fahimci abun da ke ciki na baturi lithium.Ayyukan batura lithium-ion ya dogara ne akan tsari da aikin kayan ciki na batirin da aka yi amfani da su.Waɗannan kayan batirin na ciki sun haɗa da kayan lantarki mara kyau, electrolyte, diaphragm da ingantaccen kayan lantarki.Daga cikin su, zaɓi da ingancin abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau kai tsaye suna ƙayyade aiki da farashin batirin lithium-ion.Saboda haka, bincike na arha da babban aiki tabbatacce kuma mara kyau kayan lantarki ya kasance mai da hankali ga haɓaka masana'antar batirin lithium-ion.
An zaɓi kayan lantarki mara kyau gabaɗaya azaman kayan carbon, kuma ci gaban yana da ɗan girma a halin yanzu.Haɓaka kayan cathode ya zama muhimmin mahimmancin iyakance ƙarin haɓaka aikin batirin lithium-ion da rage farashin.A cikin kasuwancin da ake samarwa na batir lithium-ion, farashin kayan cathode ya kai kusan kashi 40% na yawan kuɗin batir, kuma raguwar farashin kayan cathode kai tsaye yana ƙayyade raguwar farashin batirin lithium-ion.Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga baturan wutar lantarki na lithium-ion.Misali, ƙaramin baturin lithium-ion don wayar salula yana buƙatar kusan gram 5 na kayan cathode, yayin da baturin wutar lantarki na lithium-ion don tukin bas na iya buƙatar har zuwa kilogiram 500 na kayan cathode.
Ko da yake a ka'idar akwai nau'ikan kayan da yawa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman ingantacciyar wutar lantarki na batir Li-ion, babban abin da ke tattare da kayan lantarki na gama gari shine LiCoO2.Lokacin caji, ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙara zuwa sandunan baturi guda biyu yana tilasta madaidaicin electrode don saki ions lithium, waɗanda ke cikin carbon na mummunan electrode tare da tsarin lamellar.Lokacin da aka saki, ions lithium suna hazo daga tsarin lamellar carbon kuma su sake haɗuwa tare da fili a ingantaccen lantarki.Motsi na lithium ions yana haifar da wutar lantarki.Wannan shine ka'idar yadda batirin lithium ke aiki.
Ko da yake ka'idar ta kasance mai sauƙi, a cikin samar da masana'antu na ainihi, akwai wasu batutuwa masu amfani da yawa don yin la'akari da su: kayan aiki na lantarki mai kyau yana buƙatar additives don kula da ayyukan caji da caji da yawa, kuma kayan da aka yi da wutar lantarki yana buƙatar tsarawa a matakin tsarin kwayoyin halitta don ɗaukar ƙarin ions lithium;Electrolyte da ke cike tsakanin ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da marasa kyau, ban da kiyaye kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana buƙatar samun ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki da rage juriya na ciki na baturi.
Ko da yake baturin lithium-ion yana da duk fa'idodin da aka ambata a sama, amma buƙatunsa na da'irar kariyar yana da girma sosai, a cikin amfani da tsarin ya kamata a kiyaye sosai don guje wa yawan caji, al'amarin fitar da yawa, fitarwar halin yanzu bai kamata ba. zama babba, gabaɗaya, ƙimar fitarwa bai kamata ya zama sama da 0.2 C. Ana nuna tsarin cajin batir lithium a cikin adadi.A cikin sake zagayowar caji, batirin lithium-ion suna buƙatar gano ƙarfin lantarki da zafin baturin kafin cajin ya fara tantance ko ana iya cajin shi.Idan ƙarfin baturi ko zafin jiki yana wajen kewayon da mai ƙira ya yarda, an hana yin caji.Matsakaicin ƙarfin cajin da aka yarda shine: 2.5V ~ 4.2V akan kowane baturi.
Idan baturin yana cikin zurfafawa, dole ne a buƙaci caja don yin aikin kafin caji ta yadda baturin ya cika sharuddan caji mai sauri;sannan, bisa ga saurin cajin da masana'antun batir suka ba da shawarar, gabaɗaya 1C, caja yana cajin baturi tare da ci gaba da ƙarfin baturi yana tashi a hankali;da zarar wutar lantarkin baturi ya kai ga saita ƙarewar wutar lantarki (gaba ɗaya 4.1V ko 4.2V), za a daina cajin akai-akai da kuma cajin halin yanzu Da zarar ƙarfin baturi ya kai ga saita ƙarewar wutar lantarki (gaba ɗaya 4.1V ko 4.2V), cajin akai-akai. yana ƙarewa, cajin halin yanzu yana lalacewa da sauri kuma cajin ya shiga cikakken tsarin caji;yayin da ake cika cajin, cajin halin yanzu yana raguwa a hankali har sai lokacin cajin ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da C/10 ko cikakken lokacin caji ya cika, sannan ya juya zuwa babban cajin yankewa;yayin babban cajin da aka yanke, caja yana cika baturin tare da ƙaramin cajin halin yanzu.Bayan wani lokaci na babban yanke caji, ana kashe cajin.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-15-2022