Batirin lithium shine tsarin batir mafi girma cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata kuma ana amfani da su sosai a samfuran lantarki.Fashewar wayoyin hannu da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na baya-bayan nan shine fashewar baturi.Yadda batirin wayar salula da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka suke, yadda suke aiki, dalilin fashewar su, da yadda ake guje musu.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani suna farawa lokacin da kwayar lithium ta cika caji zuwa ƙarfin da ya fi 4.2V.Mafi girman matsa lamba mai yawa, mafi girman haɗari.A ƙarfin lantarki sama da 4.2V, lokacin da ƙasa da rabin zarra na lithium aka barsu a cikin kayan cathode, tantanin ajiya yakan rushe, yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin baturi.Idan cajin ya ci gaba, karafa na lithium na gaba za su taru a saman kayan cathode, tun da tuni tantanin ajiyar na cathode ya cika da kwayoyin lithium.Wadannan kwayoyin lithium suna girma lu'ulu'u na dendritic daga saman cathode a cikin jagorancin ions lithium.Lu'ulu'u na lithium za su ratsa ta cikin takarda diaphragm, suna rage anode da cathode.Wani lokaci baturin ya fashe kafin gajeriyar kewayawa ta auku.Hakan ya faru ne saboda a lokacin da ake yin cajin fiye da kima, kayan aiki irin su electrolytes suna fashe don samar da iskar gas da ke haifar da cakuɗen baturi ko kuma bawul ɗin matsa lamba don kumbura da fashe, wanda hakan zai ba da damar iskar oxygen ta amsa tare da atom ɗin lithium da suka taru a saman na'urar da ba ta dace ba kuma ta fashe.
Don haka, lokacin cajin baturi na lithium, wajibi ne a saita iyakar ƙarfin lantarki, don la'akari da rayuwar baturi, ƙarfin aiki, da aminci.Madaidaicin cajin ƙarfin lantarki babba shine 4.2V.Hakanan yakamata a sami ƙarancin ƙarfin wuta lokacin da ƙwayoyin lithium ke fitarwa.Lokacin da ƙarfin tantanin halitta ya faɗi ƙasa da 2.4V, wasu kayan sun fara rushewa.Kuma saboda baturin zai fitar da kansa, sanya tsawon ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai ragu, saboda haka, yana da kyau kada a sauke 2.4V don tsayawa.Daga 3.0V zuwa 2.4V, batir lithium suna sakin kusan kashi 3% na ƙarfinsu.Don haka, 3.0V shine ingantaccen ƙarfin yanke-kashe fitarwa.Lokacin caji da fitarwa, ban da iyakar ƙarfin lantarki, iyakar halin yanzu shima ya zama dole.Lokacin da halin yanzu ya yi girma, ions lithium ba su da lokacin shiga cikin tantanin halitta, za su taru a saman kayan.
Yayin da waɗannan ions ke samun electrons, suna yin crystallize atoms na lithium a saman kayan, wanda zai iya zama haɗari kamar caji.Idan baturin baturi ya karye, zai fashe.Don haka, kariya ta batirin lithium ion ya kamata aƙalla ya haɗa da mafi girman iyaka na cajin wutar lantarki, ƙananan ƙarancin wutar lantarki da babba na halin yanzu.Gabaɗaya, baya ga batirin lithium, za a sami farantin kariya, wanda galibi don samar da waɗannan kariya guda uku.Koyaya, farantin kariyar waɗannan kariyar guda uku a fili bai isa ba, abubuwan fashewar batirin lithium na duniya ko kuma akai-akai.Don tabbatar da amincin tsarin baturi, ana buƙatar bincike mai zurfi na musabbabin fashewar baturi.
Dalilin fashewa:
1. Babban polarization na ciki;
2.The iyakacin duniya yanki sha ruwa da kuma reacts da electrolyte gas drum;
3.The inganci da kuma yi na electrolyte kanta;
4.The adadin ruwa allura ba zai iya saduwa da tsari bukatun;
5. Aikin hatimin walda na laser ba shi da kyau a cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen, kuma an gano zubar da iska.
6. Kura da ƙurar yanki-yanki suna da sauƙi don haifar da da'irar microshort na farko;
7.Positive da korau farantin thicker fiye da tsari kewayon, wuya harsashi;
8. Matsalar rufewa na allurar ruwa, rashin aikin rufewa na ƙwallon ƙarfe yana kaiwa ga gandun gas;
9.Shell mai shigowa abu harsashi bango yana da kauri sosai, lalacewar harsashi yana shafar kauri;
10. Yawan zafin jiki a waje kuma shine babban dalilin fashewar.
Nau'in fashewar
Nau'in fashewa Analysis Nau'in fashewar ainihin baturi ana iya rarraba su azaman gajeriyar da'ira ta waje, gajeriyar da'irar ciki, da caji mai yawa.Na waje a nan yana nufin waje na tantanin halitta, gami da gajeriyar da'ira da ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙira na fakitin baturi na ciki.Lokacin da gajeriyar kewayawa ta faru a wajen tantanin halitta, kuma kayan lantarki sun kasa yanke madauki, tantanin halitta zai haifar da zafi mai zafi a ciki, wanda zai haifar da wani ɓangare na electrolyte zuwa tururi, harsashin baturi.Lokacin da zafin ciki na baturi ya kai digiri 135 na ma'aunin celcius, takardar diaphragm mai inganci za ta rufe ramin mai kyau, aikin lantarki na lantarki ya ƙare ko kusan ƙarewa, yanayin yanzu yana raguwa, kuma yanayin zafi yana raguwa a hankali, don haka guje wa fashewa. .Amma takardar diaphragm mai ƙarancin rufewa, ko wacce ba ta rufe ba kwata-kwata, za ta sa batirin ya ɗumama, ya yi turɓayar da electrolyte, kuma daga ƙarshe ya fashe cak ɗin baturi, ko ma ta daɗa zafin baturin zuwa wurin da kayan ya ƙone. kuma ya fashe.Wurin gajeriyar da'ira na ciki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar burar foil na jan karfe da foil na aluminum da ke huda diaphragm, ko lu'ulu'u na dendritic na atom na lithium da ke huda diaphragm.
Waɗannan ƙananan ƙarfe masu kama da allura na iya haifar da da'irar microshort.Domin allurar tana da siriri sosai kuma tana da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar juriya, yanzu ba lallai ba ne mai girma sosai.Burrs na jan karfe aluminum foil ana haifar da su a cikin tsarin samarwa.Lamarin da aka lura shi ne cewa baturin yana zubewa da sauri, kuma galibin su ana iya tantance su ta hanyar masana'antar tantanin halitta ko na'urorin hadawa.Kuma saboda burbushin sun yi ƙanana, wani lokacin suna ƙonewa, suna mayar da batir ɗin daidai.Don haka, yuwuwar fashewar burr micro short circuit ba ta da yawa.Irin wannan ra'ayi, sau da yawa na iya cajin daga ciki na kowace masana'anta tantanin halitta, ƙarfin lantarki a kan ƙananan baturi mara kyau, amma da wuya fashewa, samun tallafin ƙididdiga.Saboda haka, fashewar da ke haifar da gajeriyar da'ira na ciki ya fi faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙarin caji.Domin akwai lu'ulu'u irin na lithium karfen allura a ko'ina akan takardar lantarki ta baya da aka wuce kima, wuraren huda suna ko'ina, kuma ƙaramin gajeriyar kewayawa yana faruwa a ko'ina.Sabili da haka, zafin jiki zai hauhawa a hankali, kuma a ƙarshe babban zafin jiki zai haifar da iskar gas.Wannan yanayin, ko yanayin zafi ya yi yawa don yin fashewar abubuwan konewa, ko kuma harsashi ya fara karye, ta yadda iskar da ke ciki da karfen lithium mai tsananin iskar oxygen, sune ƙarshen fashewar.
Amma irin wannan fashewar, wanda gajeriyar da'ira ta ciki ke haifarwa ta hanyar caji mai yawa, ba lallai bane ya faru a lokacin caji.Mai yiyuwa ne masu amfani da wayar su daina caji su fitar da wayoyinsu kafin baturin ya yi zafi ya isa ya kona kayan da kuma samar da isassun iskar gas da zai fashe cajar baturin.Zafin da gajerun da'irori masu yawa ke haifarwa a hankali yana dumama baturin kuma, bayan ɗan lokaci, ya fashe.Babban bayanin masu amfani da wayar shi ne, sun dauki wayar sun ga tana da zafi sosai, sannan suka jefar da ita suka fashe.Dangane da nau'ikan fashewar da ke sama, za mu iya mai da hankali kan rigakafin wuce gona da iri, rigakafin gajeriyar kewayawa ta waje, da haɓaka amincin tantanin halitta.Daga cikin su, rigakafin wuce gona da iri da gajeriyar kewayawa na waje yana da kariya ta lantarki, wanda ke da alaƙa sosai da ƙirar tsarin batir da fakitin baturi.Mahimmin mahimmancin inganta lafiyar kwayar halitta shine kariyar sinadarai da injiniyoyi, wanda ke da kyakkyawar dangantaka da masana'antun tantanin halitta.
Amintaccen ɓoyayyiyar matsala
Amincin batirin lithium ion ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da yanayin kayan tantanin halitta da kansa ba, har ma yana da alaƙa da fasahar shirye-shirye da amfani da baturin.Batura na wayar hannu akai-akai suna fashewa, a gefe guda, saboda gazawar da'irar kariyar, amma mafi mahimmanci, ɓangaren kayan bai warware matsalar ba.
Cobalt acid lithium cathode aiki abu ne mai matukar balagagge tsarin a cikin kananan batura, amma bayan cikakken cajin, har yanzu akwai da yawa lithium ions a anode, lokacin da overcharge, sauran a cikin anode na lithium ion ana sa ran garken zuwa anode. , An kafa a kan cathode dendrite yana amfani da cobalt acid lithium baturi overcharge corollary, ko da a cikin al'ada cajin da fitarwa tsari, Har ila yau, za a iya samun wuce haddi lithium ions free zuwa korau electrode don samar da dendrites.Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun makamashi na kayan lithium cobalate ya fi 270 mah/g, amma ainihin ƙarfin shine kawai rabin ƙarfin ka'idar don tabbatar da aikin hawan keke.A cikin tsarin amfani, saboda wasu dalilai (kamar lalacewar tsarin gudanarwa) kuma ƙarfin cajin baturi ya yi yawa, za a cire ragowar ɓangaren lithium da ke cikin tabbataccen lantarki, ta hanyar electrolyte zuwa filin lantarki mara kyau a ciki. nau'in ajiyar ƙarfe na lithium don samar da dendrites.Dendrites ya huda diaphragm, ƙirƙirar gajeriyar da'ira ta ciki.
Babban abin da ke cikin electrolyte shine carbonate, wanda ke da ƙarancin walƙiya da ƙarancin tafasa.Zai kone ko ma fashe a wasu sharudda.Idan baturin ya yi zafi sosai, zai haifar da oxidation da raguwar carbonate a cikin electrolyte, yana haifar da yawan gas da ƙarin zafi.Idan babu bawul ɗin aminci ko gas ɗin ba a saki ta hanyar bawul ɗin aminci ba, matsa lamba na ciki na baturin zai tashi sosai kuma ya haifar da fashewa.
Polymer electrolyte lithium ion baturi ba ya magance matsalar aminci, lithium cobalt acid da Organic electrolyte kuma ana amfani da shi, kuma electrolyte colloidal ne, ba sauki yayyo ba, zai faru mafi tashin hankali konewa, konewa ne babbar matsalar polymer baturi aminci.
Hakanan akwai wasu matsaloli game da amfani da baturin.Gajeren kewayawa na waje ko na ciki na iya samar da ƴan amperes ɗari na wuce gona da iri.Lokacin da gajeriyar da'ira ta waje ta auku, nan take baturin yana fitar da babban wutan lantarki, yana cinye makamashi mai yawa kuma yana haifar da babban zafi akan juriya na ciki.Ƙaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci na ciki yana samar da babban halin yanzu, kuma zafin jiki ya tashi, yana sa diaphragm ya narke da kuma ɗan gajeren yanki ya faɗaɗa, don haka ya haifar da mummunan yanayi.
Lithium ion baturi domin cimma guda cell 3 ~ 4.2V high aiki ƙarfin lantarki, dole ne dauki bazuwar da irin ƙarfin lantarki ne mafi girma daga 2V Organic electrolyte, da kuma amfani da Organic electrolyte a high halin yanzu, high zafin jiki yanayi za a electrolyzed, electrolytic. iskar gas, wanda ke haifar da karuwar matsa lamba na ciki, mai tsanani zai karya ta cikin harsashi.
Yawan caji na iya haifar da ƙarfe na lithium, a cikin yanayin fashewar harsashi, hulɗar kai tsaye tare da iska, wanda ke haifar da konewa, a lokaci guda ƙonewa na lantarki, harshen wuta mai ƙarfi, saurin fadada gas, fashewa.
Bugu da ƙari, batir lithium ion na wayar hannu, saboda rashin amfani da shi, kamar extrusion, tasiri da kuma shan ruwa yana haifar da fadada baturi, nakasawa da tsagewa, da dai sauransu, wanda zai haifar da gajeren lokaci na baturi, a cikin fitarwa ko tsarin cajin da ya haifar. ta fashewar zafi.
Tsaron batirin lithium:
Don gujewa yawan zubar da ruwa ko cajin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, ana saita tsarin kariya sau uku a cikin baturin lithium ion guda ɗaya.Na daya shi ne amfani da abubuwan da ke canza wuta, lokacin da zafin batirin ya tashi, juriyarsa za ta tashi, idan zafin ya yi yawa, zai dakatar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye;Na biyu shine zaɓi kayan da ya dace, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa wani ƙima, micron pores akan ɓangaren zai narke ta atomatik, ta yadda ions lithium ba zai iya wucewa ba, halayen ciki na baturi yana tsayawa;Na uku shine saita bawul ɗin aminci (wato, ramin huɗa a saman baturin).Lokacin da matsa lamba na ciki na baturin ya tashi zuwa wani ƙima, bawul ɗin aminci zai buɗe ta atomatik don tabbatar da amincin baturin.
Wani lokaci, ko da yake baturin kanta yana da matakan kula da tsaro, amma saboda wasu dalilai da ke haifar da gazawar sarrafawa, rashin lafiyar bawul ko gas ba shi da lokacin saki ta hanyar batir mai aminci, matsa lamba na ciki na baturi zai tashi da sauri kuma ya haifar da. fashewa.Gabaɗaya, jimilar makamashin da aka adana a cikin batura lithium-ion ya yi daidai da amincinsu.Yayin da ƙarfin baturin ya ƙaru, ƙarar baturin kuma yana ƙaruwa, kuma aikin watsar da zafinsa yana raguwa, kuma yiwuwar haɗari zai ƙaru sosai.Ga baturan lithium-ion da ake amfani da su a cikin wayoyin hannu, ainihin abin da ake bukata shi ne yuwuwar haɗarin haɗari ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa da ɗaya cikin miliyan ɗaya, wanda kuma shine mafi ƙarancin ma'aunin da jama'a ke yarda da su.Don batir lithium-ion masu girma, musamman ga motoci, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ɗauki tilastawa da zafi.
Zaɓin mafi aminci kayan lantarki, kayan lithium manganese oxide, dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da cewa a cikin cikakken cajin jihar, ions lithium a cikin ingantacciyar wutar lantarki an shigar da su gaba ɗaya cikin rami mara kyau na carbon, da gaske guje wa haɓakar dendrites.A lokaci guda, da barga tsarin lithium manganese acid, don haka da hadawan abu da iskar shaka yi ne nisa m fiye da lithium cobalt acid, bazuwar zafin jiki na lithium cobalt acid fiye da 100 ℃, ko da saboda waje waje short-circuit (bura), waje. gajeriyar zagayowar, fiye da kima, shima yana iya gujewa haɗarin konewa da fashewar ƙarfen lithium da aka haɗe.
Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da kayan manganate na lithium shima zai iya rage tsada sosai.
Don haɓaka aikin fasahar sarrafa aminci da ke akwai, dole ne mu fara haɓaka aikin amincin batirin lithium ion, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman ga manyan batura masu ƙarfi.Zaɓi diaphragm tare da kyakkyawan aikin rufewar thermal.Matsayin diaphragm shine ware ingantattun sanduna mara kyau da mara kyau na baturin yayin da yake ba da izinin wucewar ions lithium.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, membrane yana rufe kafin ya narke, yana haɓaka juriya na ciki zuwa 2,000 ohms kuma yana rufe abin da ke ciki.Lokacin da matsa lamba na ciki ko zafin jiki ya kai daidaitattun da aka saita, bawul ɗin da ke tabbatar da fashewar zai buɗe kuma ya fara sauke matsa lamba don hana yawan tarin iskar gas na ciki, nakasar, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da fashewar harsashi.Haɓaka ƙwarewar sarrafawa, zaɓi ƙarin sigogin sarrafawa masu mahimmanci kuma ɗaukar haɗin haɗin juzu'i da yawa (wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman ga manyan batura masu ƙarfi).Domin babban damar lithium ion baturi fakitin ne jerin / layi daya mahara cell abun da ke ciki, kamar littafin rubutu kwamfuta ƙarfin lantarki ne fiye da 10V, babban iya aiki, kullum ta amfani da 3 zuwa 4 guda baturi jerin iya saduwa da irin ƙarfin lantarki bukatun, sa'an nan 2 zuwa 3 jerin. fakitin baturi a layi daya, don tabbatar da babban iya aiki.
Fakitin baturi mai girma da kanta dole ne a sanye shi da ingantacciyar aikin kariya, kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da nau'ikan nau'ikan allon da'ira guda biyu: Modulun ProtecTIonBoardPCB da SmartBatteryGaugeBoard module.Dukkan ƙirar kariyar baturi sun haɗa da: matakin 1 na kariya IC (hana yawan cajin baturi, zubar da ruwa, gajeren kewaye), matakin 2 kariya IC (hana na biyu), fuse, LED nuna alama, tsarin zafin jiki da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara.Ƙarƙashin tsarin kariyar matakan matakai, ko da a yanayin cajar wutar lantarki da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, baturin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka kawai za a iya canza shi zuwa yanayin kariya ta atomatik.Idan yanayin bai yi tsanani ba, yana aiki akai-akai bayan an toshe shi kuma an cire shi ba tare da fashewa ba.
Fasahar da ake amfani da ita a cikin batirin lithium-ion da ake amfani da su a cikin kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka da wayoyin hannu ba su da aminci, kuma ana buƙatar yin la'akari da mafi aminci.
A ƙarshe, tare da ci gaban fasahar kayan abu da zurfafa fahimtar mutane game da buƙatun ƙira, ƙira, gwaji da amfani da batirin lithium ion, makomar batirin lithium ion zai zama mafi aminci.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-07-2022